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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

Bad

Fair

Good

Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Rye	Maize for grain	Cereals mixed and only cereals	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Apple	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	54	46	50	38	79	40	30	25	50		320	100	70	51
2001	47	45	46	36	99	40	25	20	40		310	100	71	58
2002	55	53	48	38	90	40	30	20	40	30	360	90	72	55
2003	45	50	42	33	51	35	30	10	28	27	310	70	51	37
2004	55	55	52	40	99	40	30	25	40	25	310	100	69	45
2005	54	56	53	40	63	40	32	18	48	19	350	70	48	35
2006	53	58	51	40	80	40	28	25	35	30	390	100	63	50
2007	38	38	40	35	96	34	23	22	20	20	380	135	78	63
2008	50	48	45	40	72	38	30	23	36	38	320	110	74	59
2009	60	55	50	47	89	40	31	25	38	35	420	128	72	53
2010	50	50	52	40	83	38	28	22	35	30	390	118	60	46
2011	52	47	46	39	88	43	25	23	31	13	405	106	56	39
2012	55	54	49	44	65	37	33	25	30	28	110	107	70	53
2013	50	55	48	37	68	40	28	20	28	28	380	123	79	59
2014	58	58	50	45	100	40	34	25	32	25	390	170	83	62
2015	60	58	53	45	65	45	35	22	30	20	470	86	55	44
2016	39	41	35	27	44	35	32	18	20	19	400	61	53.7	43
2017	53	50	49	33	96	39	33	29	31	24	279	150	82	65
Minimum	38	38	35	27	44	34	23	10	20	13	110	61	48	35
Maximum	60	58	53	47	100	45	35	29	50	38	470	170	83	65
Average	51.56	50.94	47.72	38.72	79.28	39.11	29.83	22.06	34.00	25.69	349.67	106.89	67.04	50.94

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