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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

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Fair

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Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Maize for grain	Other cereal (not mixed and only cereals)	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Soybean	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Vineyards	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	hl/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	67	62	48	98	54	29	29	30	30	35	70	123	105	68
2001	58	51	38	90	39	28	26	29	25	35	62	123	99	65
2002	71	66	51	90	60	36	31	27	32	33	64	134	80	51
2003	55	56	35	47	42	30	27	18	28	24	45	65	32	20
2004	74	68	52	99	53	39	32	26	29	28	68	134	93	64
2005	68	63	45	68	49	36	28	21	48	23	61	105	60	41
2006	70	63	44	77	50	30	27	29	40	20	60	105	84	60
2007	67	57	42	104	50	30	34	32	38	30	62	115	94	66
2008	64	65	46	98	50	33	27	32	42	40	54	115	95	66
2009	73	64	53	93	40	38	29	30	44	31	60	120	85	54
2010	65	60	48	93	40	32	27	30	44	22	54	120	88	62
2011	63	56	45	102	40	35	30	32	33	22	61	126	66	40
2012	67	62	47	102	45	38	26	31	36	27	47	136	98	69
2013	62	55	47	75	45	29	19	30	37	26	49	125	92	68
2014	64	66	45	107	45	37	25	30	30	20	60	144	83	54
2015	72	69	47	63	51	38	20	22	32	19	56	70	64	44
2016	47	58	40	78	32	35	26	25	11	7	57	100	84	65
2017	76	72	52	101	53	42	35	30	41	19	56	118	75	55
Minimum	47	51	35	47	32	28	19	18	11	7	45	65	32	20
Maximum	76	72	53	107	60	42	35	32	48	40	70	144	105	69
Average	65.72	61.83	45.83	88.06	46.56	34.17	27.67	28.00	34.44	25.61	58.11	115.44	82.06	56.22

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