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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

Bad

Fair

Good

Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Maize for grain	Other cereal (not mixed and only cereals)	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Soybean	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Vineyards	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	hl/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	72	57	51	101	46	33	32	29	35	32	52	140	60	44
2001	61	47	44	88	39	24	27	28	28	27	44	140	61	45
2002	75	61	53	91	47	33	32	28	28	27	42	142	67	44
2003	58	52	40	54	40	30	30	16	25	24	34	80	44	30
2004	81	65	58	99	47	36	34	29	36	30	59	140	80	52
2005	69	57	51	76	44	30	31	20	33	30	46	120	66	52
2006	70	58	55	69	47	28	27	26	30	30	39	110	70	46
2007	62	52	43	95	38	29	28	26	20	25	47	145	78	53
2008	64	52	56	87	45	33	27	27	20	30	44	130	74	50
2009	73	65	60	94	45	39	28	24	40	33	39	140	66	44
2010	68	65	58	86	45	36	22	25	30	25	42	135	78	52
2011	68	57	50	109	38	32	29	27	28	22	55	150	73	44
2012	65	56	46	98	38	36	30	29	40	41	35	129	86	55
2013	63	55	48	76	36	32	18	27	42	35	27	109	78	52
2014	71	68	55	103	45	39	18	30	33	26	36	134	87	56
2015	70	66	51	66	45	35	20	21	30	26	37	90	64	46
2016	42	49	39	73	32	31	25	23	12	10	43	80	73	50
2017	74	63	61	98	50	41	31	30	46	19	22	113	72	48
Minimum	42	47	39	54	32	24	18	16	12	10	22	80	44	30
Maximum	81	68	61	109	50	41	34	30	46	41	59	150	87	56
Average	67.00	58.06	51.06	86.83	42.61	33.17	27.17	25.83	30.89	27.33	41.28	123.72	70.94	47.94

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