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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

Bad

Fair

Good

Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Maize for grain	Other cereal (not mixed and only cereals)	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Soybean	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Vineyards	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	hl/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	62	53	53	98	42	32	28	25			47	137	70	56
2001	54	51	50	83	42	23	25	25	32	30	30	118	60	49
2002	63	54	52	85	37	29	27	26	40	32	38	120	60	50
2003	48	45	42	50	33	27	25	15	28	25	24	75	45	40
2004	71	61	59	94	45	34	30	27	30	23	44	135	71	62
2005	61	55	53	90	41	27	29	24	33	27	37	130	66	54
2006	60	53	59	68	40	28	24	23	32	30	32	91	55	48
2007	52	46	44	91	42	31	25	24	25	30	32	145	66	57
2008	60	52	52	85	45	32	24	25	20	30	33	125	64	53
2009	67	55	54	92	45	33	27	23	30	30	30	140	53	46
2010	64	62	58	85	45	34	22	23	30	25	30	135	64	57
2011	62	53	55	105	38	34	28	26	28	22	36	140	59	52
2012	60	52	47	94	38	32	27	27	40	41	18	127	75	60
2013	59	54	50	75	36	35	21	21	42	35	22	108	64	56
2014	67	65	50	99	45	40	25	28	33	26	30	139	78	67
2015	67	69	54	63	45	36	20	21	28	26	23	80	57	50
2016	39	47	35	76	39	30	18	21	10	8	51	110	62	53
2017	65	61	55	93	49	40	31	27	37	22	25	130	58	52
Minimum	39	45	35	50	33	23	18	15	10	8	18	75	45	40
Maximum	71	69	59	105	49	40	31	28	42	41	51	145	78	67
Average	60.06	54.89	51.22	84.78	41.50	32.06	25.33	23.94	30.47	27.18	32.33	121.39	62.61	53.44

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