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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

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Fair

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Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Maize for grain	Other cereal (not mixed and only cereals)	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Soybean	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Vineyards	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	hl/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	71	65	52	100	35	33	28	26	40	35	46	136	73	55
2001	60	55	45	85	30	22	23	25	32	30	34	121	71	50
2002	74	70	59	92	35	33	28	28	40	32	44	135	68	52
2003	55	56	45	50	30	30	25	15	30	25	17	80	35	25
2004	80	74	64	97	40	39	27	25	25	30	46	140	68	60
2005	67	62	55	82	33	30	28	24	35	30	37	125	68	59
2006	67	63	58	68	40	29	22	23	30	30	27	115	65	56
2007	60	54	46	95	35	31	25	25	25	25	37	125	73	63
2008	62	62	50	84	45	34	23	25	17	30	38	130	70	60
2009	70	66	55	93	45	39	26	25	30	33	43	135	71	58
2010	70	65	58	85	45	36	22	25	30	25	33	135	70	59
2011	66	59	53	102	38	35	27	27	30	25	39	140	65	56
2012	61	55	40	93	38	34	26	27	40	41	17	130	78	66
2013	63	57	53	76	36	31	19	24	42	35	21	117	71	59
2014	65	64	53	97	45	37	22	27	25	26	27	140	65	58
2015	70	72	56	60	45	35	20	21	26	26	24	90	57	47
2016	42	54	33	79	30	30	25	23	12	10	15	95	73	60
2017	69	66	54	94	49	40	32	29	42	18	28	130	59	52
Minimum	42	54	33	50	30	22	19	15	12	10	15	80	35	25
Maximum	80	74	64	102	49	40	32	29	42	41	46	140	78	66
Average	65.11	62.17	51.61	85.11	38.56	33.22	24.89	24.67	30.61	28.11	31.83	123.28	66.67	55.28

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