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Climate observations Climate projections

The yield level of a crop can be extremely variable from one year to another, even for the same geographic locality. To see this variability, it is necessary to use yield compilations over several years.

Below, the average annual yields of different categories of crops are compiled from the harvest 2000 to harvest 2017. A color gradient ranging from green to red helps to detect visually the level of annual performance. For the worst years appearing in red, it is then possible to wonder about the limiting climatic factors as well as their current trends.

Sources for yields: Estonia (Statistics Estonia), France (Agreste, SAA), Germany (Statistische Landesämter), Spain (MAPA), Other countries (FAO Stat)

Bad

Fair

Good

Excellent

Year	Winter soft wheat	Winter barley (and/or six rowed barley)	Triticale	Rye	Maize for grain	Other cereal (not mixed and only cereals)	Winter rapeseed	Sunflower	Spring field peas	Broad bean	Lupine	Maize silage	Temporary grasslands	Permanent grasslands
	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha	100 kg/ha
2000	67	59	54	55	82	46	19	19	45	40	30	128	87	51
2001	64	56	46	40	82	40	22	22	39	40	30	132	81	45
2002	76	63	61	58	77	60	35	25	47	40	30	130	82	47
2003	69	60	52	50	68	40	28	25	40	40	30	110	56	31
2004	77	68	62	50	82	50	27	25	35	30	30	134	83	48
2005	70	65	62	50	78	50	35	25	35	30	30	122	60	43
2006	73	64	57	51	79	50	27	25	45	27	30	117	65	47
2007	61	56	54	40	90	30	25	22	38	27	27	135	99	72
2008	74	68	65	45	90	32	34	25	35	35	30	120	84	60
2009	78	71	65	45	93	35	38	22	44	38	35	126	73	51
2010	77	66	63	40	76	30	35	20	48	35	39	108	62	45
2011	79	68	69	48	97	33	37	25	48	35	35	137	66	47
2012	75	71	66	40	89	35	35	25	46	35	33	135	98	65
2013	77	71	60	45	84	28	34	22	40	33	35	140	67	44
2014	76	74	63	47	96	32	34	22	40	33	35	147	88	71
2015	80	77	66	58	87	32	36	23	45	36	35	131	84	57
2016	69	66	55	45	81	30	35	22	39	36	35	130	65	42
2017	80	73	59	46	96	38	41	20	38	36	37	141	75	55
Minimum	61	56	46	40	68	28	19	19	35	27	27	108	56	31
Maximum	80	77	69	58	97	60	41	25	48	40	39	147	99	72
Average	73.44	66.44	59.94	47.39	84.83	38.39	32.06	23.00	41.50	34.78	32.56	129.06	76.39	51.17

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